Knowledge of the water activity of pharmaceutical solids (proteins, drugs, and excipients) is essential to obtain a solid dosage form with optimal chemical, physical, microbial and shelf-life properties. Water activity (aw) influences the chemical stability, microbial stability, flow properties, compaction, hardness, and dissolution rate of dosage forms of pharmaceuticals, proteins, biopharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and phytochemicals. The importance of the measurement of water activity has been long recognized by the food industry. Although the measurement of water activity is traditionally less common to the pharmaceutical industry, the equipment used is suitable for pharmaceutical products.
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